Why is winter harsh on skin?

Cold air and harsh wind can strip moisture from your skin, leaving it feeling dry and chapped. But winter can also cause issues for the parts of your skin that aren't exposed to the elements.

Central heating dries out the air, and the combination of low humidity and irritation from woollen clothes next to your skin can also lead to redness, irritation, and itching.

Washing winter skin

Strangely, water can actually dry out your skin by stripping the natural oils. Showers are better than long baths, but it's still worth considering a soap substitute rather than soap, which can also dry your skin. A non-scented soap substitute such as moisturising creams, available from your pharmacist, won't irritate sensitive skin either.

When you get out of the shower or bath, pat your skin dry gently with a warm towel - rather than rubbing it - to avoid stripping more oils from your skin. Apply a moisturising cream while your skin is still just damp.

Moisturisers help lock in moisture inside your skin as well as replacing moisture you've lost. However, they only work for a few hours so you should ideally use them 2-3 times a day.

Don't forget to moisturise your hands every time you wash them to prevent chapping and soreness.

Nighttime skincare

At night, a heavier skin emollient - your pharmacist can advise the best one - will work for longer, replenishing skin moisture. These thicker emollients can make your skin feel slippery, so are best applied when you've finished getting ready for bed.

What you wear

Wool can irritate sensitive skin and synthetic materials make it hard for the skin to breathe, leaving it sweaty. To keep warm in winter, wear layers with breathable fabrics such as cotton next to your skin.

Your lower legs and ankles may be prone to eczema varicoso - which affects women more often than men - as you get older. Cold, dry air in winter can sometimes cause flare ups.

Having vene varicose, being overweight, or having had a clot on your leg (trombosi venosa profonda) makes you more prone. It's caused by leaky valves in the veins in your lower legs, that carry blood back towards your heart.

The first sign of varicose eczema is usually dry, scaly skin which looks red and sometimes a bit shiny. It tends to start just above your ankle and spread up your calf.

Over time, the skin can turn to a darker rusty colour and become thickened. Your lower legs may feel warmer than usual, even though they're cool to the touch. Varicose eczema can be itchy or sometimes painful.

If you have varicose eczema, you may develop leg ulcers, which can take a long time to heal and which can get infected. That's why it's so important to take steps to stop it getting worse.

Raynaud is another circulation condition - the small blood vessels in your hands and feet shut down in the cold. Your fingers will go cold and white, then blue and painful, and when the circulation returns they will turn bright red and throb.

To reduce the chance, avoid getting cold - put warm gloves on before you go outside and keep the rest of your body warm too.

Your lips are exposed to the elements all the time, and as with the rest of your skin, they can become dried out by cold, windy, or dry environments. Don't wait for them to become chapped - start using a lip balm regularly. If you have sensitive skin, opt for a non-scented one. And don't share your lip balm with anyone else, as this can spread infections such as the virus dell'herpes labiale.

Avoid licking your lips, which makes dryness and chapping worse. If you're going out in cold weather, wear a cotton scarf over your mouth to protect your lips from the elements.

With thanks to My Weekly magazine, where this article was originally published.