Dieta DASH - alimentazione sana che aiuta a ridurre la pressione sanguigna
Revisione paritaria di Dr Colin Tidy, MRCGPUltimo aggiornamento di Lynn StephenUltimo aggiornamento 7 Sept 2025
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La dieta DASH è una dieta salutare per il cuore che abbassa la pressione sanguigna e il colesterolo. Lungi dall'essere specialistica, questo piano alimentare può beneficiare molte persone - che tu stia cercando di migliorare una cattiva salute del cuore, gestire una condizione correlata o proteggerti da futuri problemi di salute.
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Che cos'è la dieta DASH?
The DASH diet - which stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension - is a flexible eating plan that helps lower blood pressure (ipertensione) and reduce your chances of malattie cardiache.
Developed over 20 years ago with support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), this diet involves no special foods or strict plan. Instead, it puts emphasis on weekly nutritional goals, portion sizes, and eating a colourful variety of healthy foods including lots of vegetables and fruits.
DASH diet food list
Foods to include on the DASH diet and serving sizes based on a 2000 calories-per-day diet.
Foods to include | Daily/weekly servings | One serving size equals |
Vegetables - from all subgroups, including dark greens and starchy vegetables, such as kale and sweet potatoes | 4 to 5 a day | 75 grams (1 cup) of raw, leafy veg, or 85 grams (½ cup) of cooked vegetables |
Fruits - especially whole fruit skins, flesh, and pulp | 4 to 5 a day | 1 medium piece of fruit, or 75 grams (½ cup) of fresh or frozen fruit |
A variety of grains - at least half of which whole grains, such as brown rice and quinoa | 7 to 8 a day | 1 slice of wholemeal bread, or 125 grams (½ cup) of cooked brown rice or pasta |
Lean meats, poultry and fish | Up to 2 a day | 5 grams (3 ounces) of cooked meat, skinless chicken, or fish |
Low-fat or fat-free dairy - including milk, yoghurt, and cheese | 2 to 3 a day | 235 millilitres (8 ounces) of milk, or 235 millilitres (1 cup) of yoghurt, or 45 grams (1 ½ cups) of cheese |
Nuts, seeds and beans | 4 to 5 a week | 1 tablespoon of seeds, or 2 tablespoons of peanut butter, or 43 grams (1/3 cup) of mixed nuts, or 115 grams (½ cup) of cooked kidney beans |
Foods to limit | Daily/weekly servings | One serving size equals |
Dietary salt (sodium) | Up to 2,300 milligrams a day | 1 teaspoon of salt - including that in processed foods and added in cooking |
Fats and oils – especially saturated and trans fats found in butter, fried foods, and highly processed meals | 2 to 3 a day | 1 teaspoon of soft margarine, or 1 teaspoon of low-fat mayonnaise, or 2 tablespoons of light salad dressing |
Added sugar and sweets | Limited to less than 5 per week | 1 tablespoon of sugar, or 1 tablespoon of jam |
Alcol | Up to 1 drink for women and men a day | Maximum 14 units a week 1.5 units is a small glass of wine 1 unit is 1/2 pint of 4% beer |
On the DASH diet, limiting your consumption of dietary salt, added zuccheri, and unhealthy fats while focussing on healthy foods rich in lean protein, fibre, and minerals can help protect your heart and control your blood pressure.
This diet isn't just for people with high blood pressure or conditions that increase their chances of heart issues - anyone can benefit.
At the same time, you can tailor a DASH diet to suit your goals. For example, if you have high blood pressure - a reading of 135/85 or higher - and consume too much salt, the low-sodium DASH diet limits salt intake to no more than 1500 milligrams a day, which is three-quarters of a teaspoon. This is slightly lower than the one teaspoon of recommended salt intake per day - and it results in a substantially bigger drop in blood pressure.
There's nothing unusual about this eating plan. It's based on established regime alimentare sano knowledge and portion guidelines, and for this reason is similar to many other health-promoting diets, such as the Dieta mediterranea.
However, its emphasis on limiting salt has earned it a place among the top heart healthy diets.
Benefits of the DASH diet
Abbassa la pressione sanguigna
Your blood pressure is the force at which your blood travels around the body through your blood vessels. Having high blood pressure means that this force is placing a dangerous amount of strain on your heart to push out the blood - causing damage to your blood vessels, heart muscle, and other organs and increasing your chances of life-threatening heart problems.
By following the DASH diet, you can significantly lower your blood pressure within weeks - whether it's already dangerously high or at healthier levels.
Here's why:
Limits salt intake - salt pulls water into your bloodstream, increasing the force placed on blood vessel walls, raising blood pressure.
Limits added sugars - these can block the production of nitric oxide (NO) in blood vessels, a chemical that allows blood vessels to expand and reduce pressure.
Focusses on fruits and vegetables - which contain potassio, which relieves tension in blood vessels and helps your body flush out more salt through your pee.
Lowers bad cholesterol
High levels of unhealthy colesterolo - known to scientists as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol - also increase your chance of heart problems, such as malattie cardiache e ictus. This is because LDL cholesterol, a fatty substance, can build up on your blood vessel walls, slow down blood flow, and prevent oxygen from reaching essential organs.
The DASH diet can significantly reduce the build-up of LDL cholesterol, and if fighting high cholesterol levels is your aim, adopting a higher-good fat, lower-carb version of the eating plan can be even more effective.
Here's why:
Limits saturated and trans fats - foods containing these types of fats raise LDL cholesterol in the blood.
Increases fibre - which slows digestion, keeping blood sugars from spiking, and prevents fats from being absorbed in the bloodstream.
Limits added sugars - which lowers high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, the good cholesterol that helps flush other cholesterol out of the body.
A higher-fat DASH diet - as well as lowering LDL cholesterol, this modification of DASH also reduces triglycerides, fats that combined with high LDL cholesterol to increase your chances of heart issues.
Other potential benefits
The DASH diet can benefit anyone, whether healthy or in poor heart health. But it may also help people with particular health conditions or goals.
Ad esempio:
Diabetes management - lowering blood pressure is an important goal for people with diabete. What's more, it could also improve insulin resistance, cholesterol, and weight management - all of which help to either manage or reverse diabetes.
Healthy weight loss - given that the DASH diet cuts down on high-fat and sugary foods, some people can reach a healthy weight on the DASH diet, so long as they’re creating deficit calorico.
Lowering the chance of cancer - following this diet may lower your chance of getting some cancers, including cancro colorettale e cancro al seno.
Lowering the chance of metabolic syndrome - the DASH diet may reduce your chance of developing sindrome metabolica by up to 81%.
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Domande frequenti
Beyond heart health, what other health conditions might benefit from adopting the DASH diet?
The DASH diet has potential benefits for several other health conditions. It can support diabetes management by helping to lower blood pressure, improve insulin resistance, manage cholesterol, and aid in weight management. It may also contribute to healthy weight loss when combined with a calorie deficit, and has been linked to a reduced chance of developing certain cancers, such as colorectal and breast cancer. Additionally, it could lower the risk of metabolic syndrome.
How does potassium contribute to blood pressure control in the DASH diet?
The DASH diet emphasizes fruits and vegetables, which are good sources of potassium. Potassium plays a role in relieving tension in blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure. It also assists the body in flushing out excess salt through urine, further contributing to blood pressure regulation.
How does the DASH diet limit salt intake to help lower blood pressure?
The DASH diet helps lower blood pressure by limiting salt (sodium) intake. Salt pulls water into your bloodstream, which increases the force exerted on blood vessel walls, thereby raising blood pressure. By reducing salt consumption, the diet directly addresses this mechanism.
How do added sugars affect blood pressure and cholesterol levels according to the DASH diet principles?
Added sugars can negatively impact both blood pressure and cholesterol. They can block the production of nitric oxide (NO) in blood vessels, a chemical that helps blood vessels expand and reduce pressure. Regarding cholesterol, limiting added sugars can prevent the lowering of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which is the 'good' cholesterol that helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the body.
Informazioni sull'autoreVisualizza il profilo completo
Amberley Davis
Scrittore senior
BA (Hons), CPD
Amberley è una scrittrice senior presso Patient e ha scritto ampiamente su una gamma di argomenti relativi alla salute e al benessere.
Informazioni sul recensoreVisualizza il profilo completo
Dr Colin Tidy, MRCGP
Medico di base, Autore medico
MBBS, MRCGP, MRCP (Paediatrics), DCH
Il Dr Colin Tidy è un medico del NHS, con sede nell'Oxfordshire.
Storia dell'articolo
Le informazioni su questa pagina sono revisionate da clinici qualificati.
Articolo disponibile anche in Inglese, Tedesco, Spagnolo, Francese, Italiano, Portoghese, Hindi, Ebraico, Arabo, and Svedese.
Next review due: 7 Sept 2028
7 Sept 2025 | Ultima versione
28 Lug 2023 | Pubblicato originariamente
Autore:
Amberley Davis
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