Tolcapone for Parkinson's disease

About tolcapone

Malattia di Parkinson affects the way your brain co-ordinates the movements of your muscles. A number of cells in a small part of your brain called the substantia nigra become damaged and die. These brain cells pass messages down nerves in the spinal cord by producing a substance called dopamine, and it is these messages which control the muscles of the body. As the cells in the brain are damaged, the amount of dopamine that is produced is reduced. A combination of the reduction of cells and a low level of dopamine in the cells in this part of the brain, causes nerve messages to the muscles to become slowed and abnormal. This produces the main symptoms of Parkinson's disease, which are stiffness, shaking (tremor), and slowness of movement.

You will already be taking a medicine called either co-beneldopa o co-careldopa. These contain levodopa which helps relieve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Levodopa is converted into dopamine and this increases the level of dopamine in your brain.

Tolcapone works by increasing the effectiveness of the levodopa you are taking in co-beneldopa or co-careldopa. It is prescribed for people who have had Parkinson's disease for a while and whose symptoms deteriorate between medicine doses. It may be recommended for you if other, similar medicines, are not suitable for you. It will be prescribed for you by a specialist doctor.

Some medicines are not suitable for people with certain conditions, and sometimes a medicine can only be used if extra care is taken. For these reasons, before you start taking tolcapone it is important that your doctor knows:

• Se sei incinta o stai allattando.

• If you have a problem with the way your kidneys work, or a problem with the way your liver works.

• If you have uncontrolled muscle movements called dyskinesia.

• If you have been told you have a tumour on your adrenal gland, or if you have ever had a condition affecting your muscles, called rhabdomyolysis, or a reaction to an antipsychotic medicine, called neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or an extremely high body temperature called hyperthermia. These are all very rare conditions.

• If you are taking or using any other medicines. It is especially important that your doctor knows if you have recently taken an antidepressant known as a monoamine-oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). You should also tell your doctor if you are taking any medicines which you have bought without a prescription, as well as herbal and complementary medicines.

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• Before you start the treatment, read the manufacturer's printed information leaflet from inside the pack and any additional information your doctor has given to you. These will give you more information about tolcapone, and will also provide you with a full list of side-effects which you could experience from taking it.

• Take the tablets exactly as your doctor tells you to. It is usual to take one tablet three times daily, although the dose may be increased in some people to two tablets three times daily. Take your first dose of each day at the same time as your first dose of co-careldopa/co-beneldopa, and then leave six hours before you take your next dose, and a further six hours before you take the third dose. Swallow the tablets whole, without breaking, chewing or crushing them. This is because the tablets are specially coated so that you do not taste the medicine which has a bitter taste.

• You can take tolcapone either before or after meals.

• When you first start taking tolcapone, your doctor may need to adjust the doses of your other medicines. This is to help reduce any side-effects caused by these tablets increasing the effectiveness of your usual dose of levodopa.

• If you forget to take a tablet at the usual time, take it as soon as you remember. Try to take the correct number of doses each day and remember to leave six hours between each dose. Do not take two doses together to make up for a forgotten dose.

• It is important that you keep your regular appointments with your doctor and clinic. This is so your doctor can check on your progress. Tolcapone can sometimes cause liver problems, so you will need to have regular blood tests to make sure the tablets are not causing any problems to the way your liver works.

• Tolcapone may cause your urine to become more yellow in colour. This is harmless and is nothing to worry about. If, however, your urine becomes dark in colour, and you also have other symptoms, please let your doctor know about this.

• Stay as active as possible and exercise regularly as much as you are able. You may walk more slowly than before, but a daily walk is good exercise and may help to loosen up stiff muscles.

• If you are a driver you should tell the DVLA and your insurance company if you have Parkinson's disease.

• Keep taking the tablets until your doctor tells you otherwise. Stopping suddenly can cause problems and your doctor will want you to reduce your dose gradually if you need to stop treatment.

• Sometimes people taking medicines for Parkinson's disease can feel very sleepy during the day. Some people have even fallen asleep suddenly without much warning of being tired. If this happens to you, do not drive and do not use tools or machines, and discuss it with your doctor at your next appointment.

• Some people taking medicines for Parkinson's disease can experience problems with impulsive types of behaviour. If you notice any changes in your behaviour, such as an increased desire to gamble, binge eat, or spend excessively, or an increased sex drive, you must let your doctor know as soon as possible.

Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects although not everyone experiences them. The table below contains the most common ones associated with tolcapone. You will find a full list in the manufacturer's information leaflet supplied with your medicine. The unwanted effects often improve as your body adjusts to the new medicine, but speak with your doctor or pharmacist if any continue or become troublesome.

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