15 questions to ask before having surgery

Most people who have surgery on the NHS will be invited for a pre-op assessment before having surgery. The purpose of the assessment is to let your team know whether any special precautions will need to be taken.

It's also your chance to ask questions. Ask about the hospital policy on visiting hours, use of mobile phone, and transport to and from the hospital - they can usually arrange transport home if you can't get home yourself.

Your healthcare team should answer many of your questions during your pre-op assessment, but don't be afraid to ask for more information if anything is unclear.

Here are 15 important questions to ask before surgery if they haven't already been covered.

What questions should I ask before having surgery?

1. Why do I need this operation?

Ask your healthcare team why surgery has been recommended and what it aims to treat.

Understanding the expected benefits can help you decide whether it's the right option for you.

2. Are there any alternatives to surgery?

Depending on your condition, there may be other treatment options available, such as medication, physiotherapy, lifestyle changes, or careful monitoring.

Ask whether these are suitable alternatives in your case.

3. What happens if I decide not to have surgery?

It's important to understand what could happen if you delay or choose not to have the operation.

Your healthcare team can explain how this might affect your symptoms, quality of life, or overall health.

4. What are the risks and possible complications?

Every operation carries some risk. Ask about the most common complications associated with the procedure, as well as any risks that may be higher because of your age, medical history, or existing health conditions.

5. What type of anaesthetic will I have?

Find out whether you'll have a general, local, regional, or spinal anaesthetic, and ask what you can expect before, during, and after the procedure.

It's also worth asking about the possible side effects and complications of the anaesthetic you'll receive.

6. How should I prepare before surgery?

Ask if there are any specific instructions you need to follow before your operation.

This may include when to stop eating or drinking, whether you should adjust any medications, or lifestyle changes such as stopping smoking.

7. Should I stop taking any medications or supplements?

Some prescription medicines, blood thinners, vitamins, and herbal medicines may need to be stopped before surgery.

Always check with your healthcare team before making any changes to your medication.

8. How long will the operation take?

Knowing roughly how long the procedure is expected to last can help you and anyone accompanying you plan for the day.

It's also worth asking how long you'll spend in recovery before returning to the ward or being discharged.

9. Will I need to stay in hospital overnight?

Ask whether you'll be able to go home the same day or if you'll need to stay in hospital. This can help you make arrangements for transport, work, and support at home.

If you're likely to stay overnight, ask what you should bring with you so you can pack your hospital bag in advance.

10. How long will recovery take?

Recovery times vary depending on the type of surgery and your overall health.

Ask when you can expect to return to work, drive, exercise, and resume your normal daily activities.

11. How much pain should I expect afterwards?

It's normal to experience some discomfort after surgery.

Ask how your pain will be managed, what level of pain is considered normal, and when you should seek medical advice.

12. What signs of complications should I look out for?

Knowing the warning signs of complications, such as infection or blood clots, can help you seek treatment promptly if needed.

Ask which symptoms should prompt you to contact your healthcare team or seek urgent medical attention.

13. Will I need help at home after surgery?

Depending on your procedure, you may need someone to drive you home or help with everyday tasks while you recover.

Ask what level of support you're likely to need and for how long.

14. Will I need follow-up appointments or rehabilitation?

Some operations require follow-up appointments, wound checks to monitor healing and check for signs of infection, physiotherapy, or other rehabilitation.

Ask what ongoing care you'll need after your procedure and when these appointments will take place.

15. Who should I contact if I have questions after I go home?

Before you're discharged, make sure you know who to contact if you have concerns about your recovery or develop unexpected symptoms.

Having the right contact details can provide reassurance and help you get advice quickly if you need it.

What else should you know before having surgery?

Preparing for surgery doesn't end with your pre-operative assessment. Before your operation, it's a good idea to understand what will happen on the day, how to get ready at home, and what to expect during your recovery.

Planning ahead can help make your hospital stay and recovery as smooth as possible. For more practical advice, including what to pack, how to prepare your home, and what to do in the days leading up to your operation, read our guide: How to prepare for surgery: pre-op checklist.