Subcortical band heterotopia
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Subcortical band heterotopia is a condition in which nerve cells (neurons) do not move (migrate) to their proper locations in the fetal brain during early development. (Heterotopia means "out of place.") Normally, the neurons that make up the outer surface of the brain (cerebral cortex) are distributed in a well-organized and multi-layered way. In people with subcortical band heterotopia, some neurons that should be part of the cerebral cortex do not reach it. These neurons stop their migration process in areas of the brain where they are not supposed to be and form band-like clusters of tissue. Since these bands are located beneath the cerebral cortex, they are said to be subcortical. In most cases, the bands are symmetric, which means they occur in the same places on the right and left sides of the brain.
Descrizione
Subcortical band heterotopia is a condition in which nerve cells (neurons) do not move (migrate) to their proper locations in the fetal brain during early development. (Heterotopia means "out of place.") Normally, the neurons that make up the outer surface of the brain (cerebral cortex) are distributed in a well-organized and multi-layered way. In people with subcortical band heterotopia, some neurons that should be part of the cerebral cortex do not reach it. These neurons stop their migration process in areas of the brain where they are not supposed to be and form band-like clusters of tissue. Since these bands are located beneath the cerebral cortex, they are said to be subcortical. In most cases, the bands are symmetric, which means they occur in the same places on the right and left sides of the brain.
The abnormal brain development causes neurological problems in people with subcortical band heterotopia. The signs and symptoms of the condition depend on the size of the bands and the lack of development of the cerebral cortex. The signs and symptoms can vary from severe intellectual disability and seizures that begin early in life and affect both sides of the brain (generalized seizures) to normal intelligence with seizures occurring later in life and affecting only one side of the brain (focal seizures). Some affected individuals also have weak muscle tone (hypotonia), loss of fine motor skills such as using utensils, or behavioural problems. Subcortical band heterotopia is typically found when brain imaging is done following the onset of seizures, usually in adolescence or early adulthood.
Modelli di ereditarietà
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Not inherited; X-linked. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Altri nomi
DC syndrome
Double cortex syndrome
Heterotopia, subcortical band
SBH
SCLH
Subcortical laminar heterotopia
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Ulteriori letture e riferimenti
- Subcortical band heterotopia; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Bahi-Buisson N, Souville I, Fourniol FJ, Toussaint A, Moores CA, Houdusse A, Lemaitre JY, Poirier K, Khalaf-Nazzal R, Hully M, Leger PL, Elie C, Boddaert N, Beldjord C, Chelly J, Francis F; SBH-LIS European Consortium. New insights into genotype-phenotype correlations for the doublecortin-related lissencephaly spectrum. Brain. 2013 Jan;136(Pt 1):223-44. doi: 10.1093/brain/aws323.
- Fry AE, Cushion TD, Pilz DT. The genetics of lissencephaly. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2014 Jun;166C(2):198-210. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31402. Epub 2014 May 23.
- Gonzalez-Moron D, Vishnopolska S, Consalvo D, Medina N, Marti M, Cordoba M, Vazquez-Dusefante C, Claverie S, Rodriguez-Quiroga SA, Vega P, Silva W, Kochen S, Kauffman MA. Germline and somatic mutations in cortical malformations: Molecular defects in Argentinean patients with neuronal migration disorders. PLoS One. 2017 Sep 27;12(9):e0185103. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185103. eCollection 2017.
- Ito K, Nakata Y, Matsuda H, Sugai K, Watanabe M, Kamiya K, Kimura Y, Shigemoto Y, Okazaki M, Sasaki M, Sato N. Evaluation of FDG-PET and ECD-SPECT in patients with subcortical band heterotopia. Brain Dev. 2014 Aug;36(7):578-84. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.07.017. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
- Parrini E, Conti V, Dobyns WB, Guerrini R. Genetic Basis of Brain Malformations. Mol Syndromol. 2016 Sep;7(4):220-233. doi: 10.1159/000448639. Epub 2016 Aug 27.
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