KBG syndrome
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KBG syndrome is a rare disorder that affects several body systems. "KBG" represents the surname initials of the first families diagnosed with the disorder. Common signs and symptoms in individuals with this condition include unusual facial features, skeletal abnormalities, and intellectual disability.
Descrizione
KBG syndrome is a rare disorder that affects several body systems. "KBG" represents the surname initials of the first families diagnosed with the disorder. Common signs and symptoms in individuals with this condition include unusual facial features, skeletal abnormalities, and intellectual disability.
A characteristic feature of KBG syndrome is unusually large upper front teeth (macrodontia). Other distinctive facial features include a wide, short skull (brachycephaly), a triangular face shape, widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), wide eyebrows that may grow together in the middle (synophrys), a prominent nasal bridge, a long space between the nose and upper lip (long philtrum), and a thin upper lip.
A common skeletal abnormality in people with KBG syndrome is slowed mineralization of bones (delayed bone age); for example, an affected 3-year-old child may have bones more typical of a child of 2. In addition, affected individuals can have abnormalities of the bones of the spine (vertebrae) and ribs. They can also have abnormalities of the bones of the hands or feet, including unusually short or curved fifth (pinky) fingers (brachydactyly or clinodactyly, respectively) and flat feet (pes planus). Most affected individuals are shorter than average from birth.
Development of mental and movement abilities is also delayed in KBG syndrome. Most affected individuals learn to speak and walk later than normal and have mild to moderate intellectual disability. Most people with this condition have neurodevelopmental disorders, such as hyperactivity; anxiety; or autism spectrum disorder, which is characterised by impaired communication and social interactions.
Less common features of KBG syndrome include hearing loss, seizures, and heart defects.
Modelli di ereditarietà
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Altri nomi
Macrodontia, mental retardation, characteristic facies, short stature, and skeletal anomalies
Short stature, characteristic facies, macrodontia, mental retardation, and skeletal anomalies
Short stature-characteristic facies-mental retardation-macrodontia-skeletal anomalies syndrome
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Ulteriori letture e riferimenti
- KBG syndrome; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Gallagher D, Voronova A, Zander MA, Cancino GI, Bramall A, Krause MP, Abad C, Tekin M, Neilsen PM, Callen DF, Scherer SW, Keller GM, Kaplan DR, Walz K, Miller FD. Ankrd11 is a chromatin regulator involved in autism that is essential for neural development. Dev Cell. 2015 Jan 12;32(1):31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.031. Epub 2014 Dec 31.
- Kim HJ, Cho E, Park JB, Im WY, Kim HJ. A Korean family with KBG syndrome identified by ANKRD11 mutation, and phenotypic comparison of ANKRD11 mutation and 16q24.3 microdeletion. Eur J Med Genet. 2015 Feb;58(2):86-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.11.003. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
- Kleyner R, Malcolmson J, Tegay D, Ward K, Maughan A, Maughan G, Nelson L, Wang K, Robison R, Lyon GJ. KBG syndrome involving a single-nucleotide duplication in ANKRD11. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud. 2016 Nov;2(6):a001131. doi: 10.1101/mcs.a001131.
- Lo-Castro A, Brancati F, Digilio MC, Garaci FG, Bollero P, Alfieri P, Curatolo P. Neurobehavioral phenotype observed in KBG syndrome caused by ANKRD11 mutations. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2013 Jan;162B(1):17-23. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32113. Epub 2012 Nov 26.
- Morel Swols D, Foster J 2nd, Tekin M. KBG syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2017 Dec 19;12(1):183. doi: 10.1186/s13023-017-0736-8.
- Ockeloen CW, Willemsen MH, de Munnik S, van Bon BW, de Leeuw N, Verrips A, Kant SG, Jones EA, Brunner HG, van Loon RL, Smeets EE, van Haelst MM, van Haaften G, Nordgren A, Malmgren H, Grigelioniene G, Vermeer S, Louro P, Ramos L, Maal TJ, van Heumen CC, Yntema HG, Carels CE, Kleefstra T. Further delineation of the KBG syndrome phenotype caused by ANKRD11 aberrations. Eur J Hum Genet. 2015 Sep;23(9):1176-85. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.253. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
- Sirmaci A, Spiliopoulos M, Brancati F, Powell E, Duman D, Abrams A, Bademci G, Agolini E, Guo S, Konuk B, Kavaz A, Blanton S, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B, Young J, Zuchner S, Tekin M. Mutations in ANKRD11 cause KBG syndrome, characterized by intellectual disability, skeletal malformations, and macrodontia. Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Aug 12;89(2):289-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.06.007. Epub 2011 Jul 21.
- Walz K, Cohen D, Neilsen PM, Foster J 2nd, Brancati F, Demir K, Fisher R, Moffat M, Verbeek NE, Bjorgo K, Lo Castro A, Curatolo P, Novelli G, Abad C, Lei C, Zhang L, Diaz-Horta O, Young JI, Callen DF, Tekin M. Characterization of ANKRD11 mutations in humans and mice related to KBG syndrome. Hum Genet. 2015 Feb;134(2):181-90. doi: 10.1007/s00439-014-1509-2. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
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