Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly
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Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (often shortened to MCPH, which stands for "microcephaly primary hereditary") is a condition in which infants are born with a very small head and a small brain. The term "microcephaly" comes from the Greek words for "small head."
Descrizione
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (often shortened to MCPH, which stands for "microcephaly primary hereditary") is a condition in which infants are born with a very small head and a small brain. The term "microcephaly" comes from the Greek words for "small head."
Infants with MCPH have an unusually small head circumference compared to other infants of the same sex and age. Head circumference is the distance around the widest part of the head, measured by placing a measuring tape above the eyebrows and ears and around the back of the head. Affected infants' brain volume is also smaller than usual, although they usually do not have any major abnormalities in the structure of the brain. The head and brain grow throughout childhood and adolescence, but they continue to be much smaller than normal.
MCPH causes intellectual disability, which is typically mild to moderate and does not become more severe with age. Most affected individuals have delayed speech and language skills. Motor skills, such as sitting, standing, and walking, may also be mildly delayed.
People with MCPH usually have few or no other features associated with the condition. Some have a narrow, sloping forehead; mild seizures; problems with attention or behaviour; or short stature compared to others in their family. The condition typically does not affect any other major organ systems or cause other health problems.
Modelli di ereditarietà
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal recessive. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Altri nomi
MCPH
Microcephaly primary hereditary
Primary autosomal recessive microcephaly
True microcephaly
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Ulteriori letture e riferimenti
- Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Barbelanne M, Tsang WY. Molecular and cellular basis of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:547986. doi: 10.1155/2014/547986. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
- Bolat H, Sager SG, Turkyilmaz A, Cebi AH, Akin Y, Onay H, Ozkinay F, Unsel-Bolat G. Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly (MCPH) and Novel Pathogenic Variants in ASPM and WDR62 Genes. Mol Syndromol. 2022 Dec;13(5):363-369. doi: 10.1159/000524391. Epub 2022 Apr 27.
- Cox J, Jackson AP, Bond J, Woods CG. What primary microcephaly can tell us about brain growth. Trends Mol Med. 2006 Aug;12(8):358-66. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.06.006. Epub 2006 Jul 10.
- Kaindl AM, Passemard S, Kumar P, Kraemer N, Issa L, Zwirner A, Gerard B, Verloes A, Mani S, Gressens P. Many roads lead to primary autosomal recessive microcephaly. Prog Neurobiol. 2010 Mar;90(3):363-83. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.11.002. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
- Naveed M, Kazmi SK, Amin M, Asif Z, Islam U, Shahid K, Tehreem S. Comprehensive review on the molecular genetics of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH). Genet Res (Camb). 2018 Aug 8;100:e7. doi: 10.1017/S0016672318000046.
- Passemard S, Titomanlio L, Elmaleh M, Afenjar A, Alessandri JL, Andria G, de Villemeur TB, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Burglen L, Del Giudice E, Guimiot F, Hyon C, Isidor B, Megarbane A, Moog U, Odent S, Hernandez K, Pouvreau N, Scala I, Schaer M, Gressens P, Gerard B, Verloes A. Expanding the clinical and neuroradiologic phenotype of primary microcephaly due to ASPM mutations. Neurology. 2009 Sep 22;73(12):962-9. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181b8799a.
- Roberts E, Hampshire DJ, Pattison L, Springell K, Jafri H, Corry P, Mannon J, Rashid Y, Crow Y, Bond J, Woods CG. Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly: an analysis of locus heterogeneity and phenotypic variation. J Med Genet. 2002 Oct;39(10):718-21. doi: 10.1136/jmg.39.10.718.
- Ruaud L, Drunat S, Elmaleh-Berges M, Ernault A, Guilmin Crepon S; MCPH Consortium; El Ghouzzi V, Auvin S, Verloes A, Passemard S. Neurological outcome in WDR62 primary microcephaly. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2022 Apr;64(4):509-517. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15060. Epub 2021 Sep 25.
- Thornton GK, Woods CG. Primary microcephaly: do all roads lead to Rome? Trends Genet. 2009 Nov;25(11):501-10. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2009.09.011. Epub 2009 Oct 21.
- Verloes A, Drunat S, Passemard S. ASPM Primary Microcephaly. 2020 Apr 2. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555474/
- Verloes A, Ruaud L, Drunat S, Passemard S. WDR62 Primary Microcephaly. 2022 Feb 17. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK578067/
- Woods CG, Bond J, Enard W. Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH): a review of clinical, molecular, and evolutionary findings. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 May;76(5):717-28. doi: 10.1086/429930. Epub 2005 Mar 31.
- Zaqout S, Kaindl AM. Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly: Not Just a Small Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Jan 17;9:784700. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784700. eCollection 2021.
- Zaqout S, Morris-Rosendahl D, Kaindl AM. Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly (MCPH): An Update. Neuropediatrics. 2017 Jun;48(3):135-142. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1601448. Epub 2017 Apr 11.
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