Across the UK, households and public events will soon be burning Guy Fawkes and enjoying a night of dazzling, noisy firework displays. But some of the one in one hundred children and adults with disturbo dello spettro autistico (ASD) struggle to cope.

Autism, anxiety, and sensory overload

"Bonfire night is an exciting time of year for lots of people, including many autistic children and adults," explains Peter Watt, director of national programmes at the National Autistic Society.

"But the unexpected flashes and loud noises from fireworks can be really overwhelming for some autistic people and trigger intense anxiety - it can even be physically painful, for instance if you have an extreme sensitivity to noise or light."

Autistic people and anxiety on Bonfire Night

There is a strong relationship between autism and ansia, with ricerche suggesting that as many as 40% of autistic people are believed to also have at least one anxiety disorder. For some autistic people, the noisy, unexpected and unpredictable nature of firework displays can cause anxiety and stress.

Sensory overload and Bonfire Night

A large number of autistic people are also living with sensory issues which make them either under-sensitive or over-sensitive to certain sights, sounds, smells, or textures. In fact, in one studio 69% of a group with autism were found to display symptoms of sensory sensitivity.

Those who have an over-sensitivity to sound and sight may experience:

• Sounds becoming magnified, distorted, and muddled.

• An ability to hear sounds from a great distance.

• An inability to cut out sounds, especially background noise.

• Bright lights becoming distorted and appearing to jump around.

• Difficulty getting to sleep due to sensitivity to light.

Whether an autistic person is feeling anxious or not, over-sensitivity to the loud bangs and bright lights of fireworks can overpower their ability to control themselves, and even cause them physical discomfort or pain.

Being a parent or guardian of an autistic child who feels overwhelmed and anxious around fireworks is difficult. As these firework displays take place across the UK in many people's gardens and at public events, it can sometimes be impossible to block them out completely.

"But good planning and communication can help everyone to navigate many of these difficulties and be a part of Bonfire Night," advises Watt.

"Simple changes, like agreeing a plan for the evening or giving advance warning to autistic neighbours if you're releasing fireworks at home, can make all the difference. For autistic children and adults, wearing headphones or ear defenders, or even watching firework displays on television, can help to ease stress and anxiety.

"Every autistic child and adult is different, so they must be involved in all planning. We have lots more Bonfire Night tips and information on our website."

There are a number of measures you could try which may make Bonfire Night a more positive experience for your child.

Communicate with your child

Explain what the celebration is about and what they may expect on the days leading up to it and on the night itself. This may involve helping your child to write a positive social story about what they may experience so that they feel prepared.

Agree a plan for Bonfire Night

Involve your child in the planning. This can help them to feel prepared and make the fireworks feel less unexpected and unpredictable.

If you're planning your own fireworks display, find out as much about the fireworks as possible, including how they will look and sound, and plan when to set them off, so that you can explain to your child what to expect.

Talk through firework safety

If you're having your own display, talk through the safety rules with your child and explain how you are following safety measures. This can be a good idea if your child's anxiety stems from a fear of getting hurt.

Purchase ear defenders

These can block out or reduce the impact of the noise on your child's ears. This may soothe your child's anxiety or, if they experience sensory sensitivities, this can reduce the symptoms. There are also noise-cancelling headphones which block out noise but still allow speech to be heard, which can be reassuring.

Watch television

Television may drown out or distract your child from local firework displays. Your child may even be happy to watch televised fireworks, which has been shown to ease stress and anxiety in some cases.

Provide comfort items

Snacks, drinks and other comfort items that soothe your child can provide a nice distraction and help to keep them feeling calm.

Lead by example

Being a calm and positive presence for your child during a fireworks display can help to ease their anxiety.

Plan bedtime

Setting a soothing bedtime routine for your child can reduce their stress. This may include an earlier bedtime for young children so that they can sleep through a lot of the noise. The routine could also include a relaxing bath, calming music and reading a favourite story.