Bohring-Opitz syndrome
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Bohring-Opitz syndrome is a rare condition that affects the development of many parts of the body.
Descrizione
Bohring-Opitz syndrome is a rare condition that affects the development of many parts of the body.
Most individuals with Bohring-Opitz syndrome have profound to severe intellectual disability, developmental delay, and seizures. Most affected individuals have a normal head shape and size with no brain abnormalities; however, some have abnormal development of the head. Abnormal development can lead to a small head size (microcephaly) and a skull abnormality called trigonocephaly, which gives the forehead a pointed appearance. Structural brain abnormalities can occur with or without head abnormalities. For example, the fluid-filled spaces near the center of the brain (ventricles) may be usually large (ventriculomegaly) or the tissue that connects the left and right halves of the brain (the corpus callosum) can be abnormally thin.
Eye problems that can affect vision also occur in people with Bohring-Opitz syndrome. People with this disorder may have protruding eyes (exophthalmos), eyes that do not point in the same direction (strabismus), widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), or outside corners of the eyes that point upward (upslanting palpebral fissures). Affected individuals may have severe nearsightedness (high myopia) or abnormalities in the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (the retina) or the nerves that carry information from the eyes to the brain (optic nerves).
Additional facial differences associated with Bohring-Opitz syndrome can include a flat nasal bridge, nostrils that open to the front rather than downward (anteverted nares), a high arch or opening in the roof of the mouth (high arched or cleft palate), a split in the upper lip (cleft lip), a small lower jaw (micrognathia), low-set ears that are rotated backward, a red birthmark (nevus simplex) on the face (usually the forehead), a low frontal hairline often with eyebrows that grow together in the middle (synophrys), and excessive body and facial hair (hirsutism) that increases with age.
Some individuals with Bohring-Opitz syndrome have poor growth before birth (intrauterine growth retardation). During infancy, they grow and gain weight slowly and often have severe feeding difficulties with recurrent vomiting.
People with this condition often have characteristic body positioning, known as Bohring-Opitz syndrome posture. This posture consists of slouching shoulders, bent elbows and wrists, hands positioned with the wrists or all of the fingers angled outward toward the fifth finger (ulnar deviation), with the legs usually extended straight. Affected individuals usually stop exhibiting the Bohring-Opitz syndrome posture as they get older. Other abnormalities include joint deformities (called contractures) that are apparent at birth in the knees, hips, or other joints and abnormal muscle tone. Affected individuals can have recurrent infections and heart, kidney, or genital abnormalities. In rare cases, a childhood form of kidney cancer known as Wilms tumour can develop.
Some individuals with Bohring-Opitz syndrome do not survive past early childhood, while others live into adolescence or early adulthood. The most common causes of death are heart problems, abnormalities of the throat and airways that cause pauses in breathing (obstructive apnea), and lung infections.
Modelli di ereditarietà
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Altri nomi
Bohring syndrome
BOPS
BOS
C-like syndrome
Oberklaid-Danks syndrome
Opitz trigonocephaly-like syndrome
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Ulteriori letture e riferimenti
- Bohring-Opitz syndrome; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Bedoukian E, Copenheaver D, Bale S, Deardorff M. Bohring-Opitz syndrome caused by an ASXL1 mutation inherited from a germline mosaic mother. Am J Med Genet A. 2018 May;176(5):1249-1252. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38686.
- Bohring A, Oudesluijs GG, Grange DK, Zampino G, Thierry P. New cases of Bohring-Opitz syndrome, update, and critical review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A. 2006 Jun 15;140(12):1257-63. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31265.
- Hoischen A, van Bon BW, Rodriguez-Santiago B, Gilissen C, Vissers LE, de Vries P, Janssen I, van Lier B, Hastings R, Smithson SF, Newbury-Ecob R, Kjaergaard S, Goodship J, McGowan R, Bartholdi D, Rauch A, Peippo M, Cobben JM, Wieczorek D, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Veltman JA, Brunner HG, de Vries BB. De novo nonsense mutations in ASXL1 cause Bohring-Opitz syndrome. Nat Genet. 2011 Jun 26;43(8):729-31. doi: 10.1038/ng.868.
- Magini P, Della Monica M, Uzielli ML, Mongelli P, Scarselli G, Gambineri E, Scarano G, Seri M. Two novel patients with Bohring-Opitz syndrome caused by de novo ASXL1 mutations. Am J Med Genet A. 2012 Apr;158A(4):917-21. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35265. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
- Russell B, Johnston JJ, Biesecker LG, Kramer N, Pickart A, Rhead W, Tan WH, Brownstein CA, Kate Clarkson L, Dobson A, Rosenberg AZ, Vergano SA, Helm BM, Harrison RE, Graham JM Jr. Clinical management of patients with ASXL1 mutations and Bohring-Opitz syndrome, emphasizing the need for Wilms tumor surveillance. Am J Med Genet A. 2015 Sep;167A(9):2122-31. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37131. Epub 2015 Apr 29.
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