Diagnosi del cancro
Revisione paritaria di Dr Hannah Gronow, MBACPUltimo aggiornamento di Dr Gurvinder Rull, MBBSUltimo aggiornamento 14 Nov 2017
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At a glance
Cancer is first suspected from symptoms experienced by a patient.
A doctor will physically examine the patient for abnormalities.
You may be referred for tests such as X-rays, scans, and blood tests.
A biopsy, which is a tissue sample, is often needed to confirm cancer.
The sample is then examined under a microscope for abnormal cells.
In questo articolo:
Video picks for Information about cancer
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How is cancer diagnosed?
If a cancer is suspected from your symptoms
Your doctor will examine you to look for abnormalities such as a lump under the skin, or an enlarged liver. You may be referred for tests such as radiografie, scans, esami del sangue, endoscopia, broncoscopia, etc, depending on where the suspected cancer is situated. These tests can often find the site of a suspected cancer. However, a sample (biopsy) is often needed to be certain that the abnormality is a cancer and not something else - such as a non-cancerous (benign) tumour.
Biopsia
A biopsia is a procedure where a small sample of tissue is removed from a part of the body. The sample is then examined under the microscope or tested in other ways to detect abnormal cells. Sometimes it is easy to obtain a biopsy. For example, from a lump on the skin which may be a skin cancer. However, it can be difficult to obtain a biopsy from deeper tissues and it may require specialised procedures.
Some questions you may want to go through with your doctor
Torna ai contenutiIf you have been diagnosed with cancer you will have many questions. The following are some suggested questions that you may wish to go over with your doctor:
What type of cancer do I have?
How large is it and has it spread to other parts of my body?
What are the treatment options for this type of cancer?
What are the risks and possible side-effects of the treatment options?
How successful is the treatment for my type and stage of cancer? Is the aim of treatment to cure or to control the cancer?
Patient picks for Information about cancer
Cancro
Stadi del cancro
Se non trattati, i tumori spesso attraversano tre fasi: crescita locale, diffusione ai canali linfatici e diffusione ad altre aree del corpo.
di Dr Toni Hazell, MRCGP
Cancro
Chemioterapia
Il termine chemioterapia è diventato sinonimo di un trattamento del cancro utilizzando farmaci antitumorali chiamati farmaci citotossici
by Dr Hayley Willacy, FRCGP
Domande frequenti
What happens during a physical examination if cancer is suspected?
If your doctor suspects cancer based on your symptoms, they will examine you to check for any unusual signs. This might include feeling for an abnormal lump under your skin or checking for an enlarged liver.
What types of tests might be used to investigate a suspected cancer?
Depending on where the suspected cancer is located, you might have various tests. These could include X-rays, different types of scans, blood tests, or procedures like endoscopy or bronchoscopy. These tests help locate the suspected area.
Why is a biopsy often needed even after other tests show an abnormality?
Even if other tests identify an abnormal area, a biopsy is frequently necessary to confirm if it is cancer. This is because some abnormalities, like non-cancerous (benign) tumours, can resemble cancerous ones. A biopsy helps definitively determine the nature of the cells.
Is it always easy to get a biopsy sample?
No, obtaining a biopsy can vary in difficulty. For instance, getting a sample from a lump on the skin is often straightforward. However, if the suspected tissue is deeper inside the body, more specialised procedures might be required to get the sample.
Ulteriori letture e riferimenti
- Kirkegaard H, Johnsen NF, Christensen J, et al; Associazione tra aderenza alle raccomandazioni sullo stile di vita e rischio di cancro colorettale: uno studio di coorte prospettico danese. BMJ. 26 ottobre 2010;341:c5504. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c5504.
- Che cos'è il cancro?; Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
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About the authorView full bio
Dr Gurvinder Rull, MBBS
Medical Author, Consultant: Clinical Pharmacology, Therapeutics and General Internal Medicine
BSC (Hons), MBBS, FRCP, MA (Medical Ethics)
Dr Gurvinder Rull qualified in 2000, joining EMIS’s content authoring team (now Patient.info) in 2007.
About the reviewerView full bio
Dr Hannah Gronow, MBACP
General Practitioner
MB, ChB, MBACP
Hannah qualified as a GP in 1997. She joined EMIS (Patient) as a peer reviewer in August 2006.
Storia dell'articolo
Le informazioni su questa pagina sono scritte e revisionate da clinici qualificati.
14 Nov 2017 | Ultima versione
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